Chapter 23. Section 1.
The French Revolution Begins
Instructions: Under every group heading, write the team members' names. There should be 6 teams of 3 members each. You are to write an explanation containing main ideas about the topics and providing examples as well as images if necessary. If you include images, make sure they are too large. Be respectful of other students' space and work.
Group 3: Isabella, Andrea & Monica
Activity 1
Discuss the 3 estates that conformed the Old Regime in France.
The 1st Estate:
The First Estate was mainly of the Roman Catholic Church formed from the clergy. They were only 1% of the population. And they owned 10 % of the land in France. They did not pay any taxes. It provided education and relief services to the poor. It also contributed about 2% of its income to the government.
The 2nd Estate:
The Second Estate was mainly made up of rich nobles. They owned 20% of the land in France and they did not pay any taxes just as the 1st Estate. They give them many privileges.They were 2% of the whole French population.
The 3rd Estate:
It was 97% of the population and it was made up of the rest of the people, the ones that differed from their economic conditions.It was divided into subgroups one of them was the middle class or the bourgeoisie they were bankers, factory owners , merchants, professionals, and skilled artisans,they were well educated and believed in the enlightenment ideas,the ones of liberty and equality.They did paid taxes and they had a lacked privileges.The second group was the one with workers that included many different jobs.They worked really hard, and paid taxes. Peasants formed the largest group from the third estate more that 80% percent of France people.They paid 50% of their income to the government and for taxes
Activity 2
What factors or forces led to the Revolution
Enlightenment ideas: This had a big impact in the Revolution because new ideas about how to govern or how to manage power and authority was spreading around in the Third Estate. The Third Estate was inspired of the success of the American Revolution so they began to question the structure of the society and the new ideas and politics they were doing.Taking the ideas of the famous philosophers like Rousseau and Voltaire and they began to fight for equality, liberty and democracy.
The leadership of King Louis XVI and the queen: A really big problem when France entered into a big dept, was the amount of money Louis XVI and his wife Marie Antoinette spend in different things. The dept was also because of previous kings and because he helped in the American Revolution in the war against Great Britain. Maria always wanted to have really nice dresses and jewels so she spent a lot of money in does things. Also she entered with the government and did not support or give any advice to his husband Louis. She was a member of the Royal family in Austria, so France hated her and also because of her attitude towards everybody. Then it came a day where they had no money left so Louis solution was to impose taxes on the nobility. He called the Estates-General. Which consisted of representatives from all three estates.
Immediate events before the Revolution: The Third Estate made new changes in their government. Each delegate had a vote, and many other advantages. They began to gain more and more power. A leading spokesperson that had their same way of thinking was a clergyman named Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes. He had the idea that the 3rd Estates delegates called themselves the National Assembly a meeting only with the third Estate there they pass laws and reforms in the name of all the French population. The Third Estate delegates then went inside a tennis court pledging themselves to stay their until they had a new Constitution and that is was promoted to everyone. This pledge became known as Tennis Court Oath. In Paris there were a lot of rumors and many people suggested that Louis was using the military force to dismiss the National Assembly. Others, charged that the foreign troops were coming to Paris to massacre French citizens.
Activity 3
Describe the Great Fear: The Great Fear occurred from July 20 to August 5 in 1789 at France. It was the beginning of the French Revolution. Villages that where close to each other where spreading rumors that told that the nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants. This was a period of panic for most of the beginning of the Revolution and riot by peasant and other rumors of an aristocratic conspiracy by the king and the privileged to overthrow the third Estate. The Great Fear panic all over France. The peasants soon became to outlaws themselves, they also armed with pitchforks and other farm tools to break into Noble's manor houses and destroyed the old legal papers that obligated them to pay feudal dues. Peasants also went to burn down the manor’s house.
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